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pHSHESH5HSE5ESHSHSH5H5HSHSHSESH5E5H5nE51ELSH5HHH 

I GERMAN 

IwiTH OR WITHOUT A MASTER 



FORMING WITH 



metbode Berlitz 

A THOROUGH AND EASY COURSE FOR 
SELF-INSTRUCTION OR SCHOOLS 



8 

ffi GUIDE FOR PREPARING THE LESSONS 



BY 



M. D>. BERLITZ 



I i 

NEW YORK : 

Berlitz & Co. , Madison Square 




VERB DRILL. 

A THOROUGH COURSE IN 

THE FRENCH VERBS 

BY 

CONSTANT PRACTICE IN CONVERSATION. 

FOLLOWED BY 

Rules on the use of Moods and Tenses, 
with Exercises. 



By M. D. BERLITZ. 
Price, 50 Cents. 



The German Verb 

IN PROSE AND RHYME. 

Giving practice in various forms of the irregular verbs 

by short stories and pieces of poetry, followed 

by complete conjugation tables , and 

explanations of idioms. 

By O H. L. SCHWETZKV. 



Price, 25 Cents. 



BERLITZ & CO., Madison Square, New York. 



GERMAN 

WITH OR WITHOUT A MASTER 

FORMING WITH 

metbode Berlitz 

A THOROUGH AND EASY COURSE FOR 
SELF-INSTRUCTION OR SCHOOLS 



GUIDE FOR PREPARING THE LESSONS 



BY 




OCT 25 1397 

NEW YORK : 

Berlitz & Co. , Madison Square 






Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1897, by 

BERLITZ & CO., 
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C 



ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 



Press .of 

M. J. Pendergast, 137 West 23d Street, 

New York. 




PREFACE. 



This little work is designed to be used together 
with the „9fletl)obe 23erli£," erfteS 23ud), for the following 
purposes, the student preparing each lesson with the 
"Guide" and then reading and reciting the lesson in 
the "Method " until he is perfectly familiar with every 
expression : 

(1) For self -instruction : the student in such case 
reads each lesson over several times aloud and 
then asks himself the questions of the book, answering 
them. 

(2) For reciprocal instruction in clubs or parties of 
friends, each member alternately taking the role of 
the teacher, asking the questions and letting the others 
answer in turn. This has the advantage over self- 
instruction in that the ear is more thoroughly drilled in 
catching the foreign sounds by hearing other peoples 
voices, and that each student will be able, in his turn, 
to correct some mistakes made by his fellow-students 

(3) For schools in which a course in conversation 
is desired besides the ordinary course in grammar 
and translation, both courses being followed in this 
book. 

(4) For schools that have large classes or cannot 
give a great deal of time to German ; as in this book 
the students find pronunciation and other difficulties 
thoroughly explained, so that they can do a great deal 
of work outside of their recitations. 



11 PREFACE 

The advantages claimed for this method are : 

(a) The lessons are mostly based on object-teach- 
ing ; this results in the student's associating perception 
directly with the foreign expressions ; he thus is soon 
able to think in the foreign idiom. 

(b) Nearly all of the lessons are in shape of conver- 
sation, in order to give continual drill to the student's 
ear and tongue. 

(c) The most useful is always taught first, the 
student's mind not being encumbered with rules and 
word forms that he cannot immediately use and 
will forget again before needing them. 

(d) Where rules are to be given, they are illustra- 
ted by striking examples, so that even those who are 
not good grammarians can fully understand them. 

(e) The pronunciation of all difficult words or ex- 
pressions is as carefully transcribed as possible, thus 
the students need not constantly rely on their teacher 
and can, if necessary, progress entirely without him. 

(/) All idioms or other difficulties are carefully 
explained in order to emancipate the students from 
their teacher as much as possible. 

By editing this work we, of course, do not at all 
mean to contradict our opinion, so frequently express- 
ed and defended, that in schools where German is 
taught by native instructors and where the classes are 
small, it is far better to avoid all translation and to 
learn the pronunciation from the teacher Consequent- 
ly, such schools we advise to employ not this book, but 
the regular Berlitz method only, containing no English 
whatever. 

The key to all exercises contained in this book 
is published separately. Price, $0.25 



INTRODUCTION. 



$H0 $ltyljafict (dass alfabait') The Alphabet. 

% a a, 53 b b, dec, 3) b d, (See, 

name: ah bay tsay day ay 

$ f £ ^9g, © 4 "h, i i, 3 j j, 

ef gay hah ee yot f 

A i k, 8 11, SKwm ( SRan, £) o o, 

kah el em en oh 

<$ p, D q q. ffi r r, ©- f (g*)-s,- X t-t, 

pay koo airr es tay 

U u u, 55 t) v, 2$ to w, 3£ £ x, 3) t) y, 

oo fow vay iks ip'sillohn 

tset. 



* g is used instead of f at the end of a word. 
| The o almost like u in but. 



Pronunciation of Vowels. 





. 






Transcribed by us with 


(long 
1 short 


is 


pronounced 


as in father 


ah 


it 


1 1 


i t 


yacht 


a 


r long 


n 


i i 


t . 


air 


ai 


■j short 


a 


< i 


i i 


let 


e 


' final 


i < 


< i 


i< 


open 


8 


| long 
I short 


it 


a 




machine 


ee 


C i 


( t 


a 


sister 


i 


j long 
\ short 


it 


«< 


i i 


role 


oh 


1 1 


« < 


*• 


mother 





j long 
( short 


a 


i < 


i ; 


rule 


00 


a 


a 


a 


pull 


u 



Remarks : As the e in a suffix (en, el, er) is almost 
silent, we shall omit it in our transcription entirely or 
replace it by an apostrophe. 

The difference between a long and a short vowel in 
German is not nearly so great as in English. We have 
therefore transcribed with long sounds such short ones 
as the student would be very likely to mispronounce. 

Consonants. 

b and d are pronounced as in English, but at the 
end of a word they sound likep and t. 

c before e, i, a, 6, u is like ts, elsewhere like k. 

g is as in the English go, get, but at the end of a 
word the sound approaches that of k or that of the 
German d). (In different parts of Germany the pronun- 
ciation of g varies). Remember that though we 
transcribe the final g with jh or hh (see "compounds ") 
you may pronounce it like k 

h at the beginning as in hand, elsewhere silent, 

j always like y in yes. 



q (always followed by u) as in the English quit. 

s before a vowel somewhat like the English z ; st 
and sp at the beginning of a syllable sound like sht, 
shp ; elsewhere as in English. 

t as in English, but like ts before the ending ion. 

v like / (except in foreign words). 

w like v. 

x like ks. 

y occurs now only in foreign words and is pro- 
nounced accordingly. 

z like ts. 

The other consonants (/, k, I, m, n, p, r) are pro- 
nounced as in English. 

Compounds. 

Pronounce : an like ou in house, ai and ei like ie 
in pie, ie like ee, eu and du like oy in boy (=oi). 

Double consonants are pronounced like single 
ones, ck stands for kk, tz for zz ; at the end of a word 
ff is replaced by g (sz)i in the body of a word (3 has 
the hissing s-sound but is preceded by a long vowel 
whilst ff follows a short vowel. 

sch is like the English sh. 

ch has three sounds : 1) beginning a word or 
followed by s belonging to the same syllable the sound 
of k, as : (£f)oi=Kohr (Choir), ©)rift=Krist (Christian), 
2Bacf)S=Vaks (wax). 2) preceded by a, o, u y au it has 
a strong guttural sound (as in the Scotch loch) which 
we shall represent by hh. 3) preceded by e, i, a. 6, ii 
or a consonant it has a sound that can be described 
only as resembling the English sh, but whilst the 
English if a dental sound the German is a palatal one. 
We shall represent it by jh, 



$ie Umlautc (dee oom'-louta) Modified Vowels. 

a sounds like ai in hair. 

6 like the French eu \i\peu. In English there is 
no exact equivalent ; the nearest to it is the sound of 
u in burn. We shall transcribe it with ce. 

ii sounds like a thick ee, (a French u). It is pro- 
nounced by opening the mouth but little, with 
protruding lips (as if you were going to whistle). We 
shall represent it by ee. 

Accent. 

In simple words the stress lies on the principal 
syllable* except in words taken from foreign 
languages. In compounds each of the parts has 
an accent, the first being the strongest (as in the 
English word "snowball). Where in the lessons the 
accent of a word cannot easily be determined by the 
learner, we shall indicate it by the sign ' after the 
accented syllable, or we shall use the sign — ' to repre- 
sent a long syllable with a heavy accent, — for a 
secondary or lighter accent, w' for a short accentu- 
ated syllable, ^ for a short unaccentuated syllable. 
The accents of the English words : rainbow, ma- 
chine, revelation, coincidence, likelihood would, there- 
fore, be as follows : — '— , *-" — ', ^ ^- — '— ', — ^' ^- ^, 

Capital Letters. 

Capital letters are used in German at the beginning 
of a sentence, also for all nouns and for pronouns of 
the second person 

* The principal syllable is generally the one before the last. 



drfie Scftton (airsto lekts-yohn') First Lesson. 


ber SSIeifHft, . 


^dair blie'-stift) The lead-pencil. 


" ©tu#, 1 


; " shtool) 


' chair. 


" Sif*, ( 


" tish) 


' table. 


" ©fen, ( 


" ohf'n) 


' stove. 


" 23oben, ( 


" bohd'n) 


' floor. 


" ©orljcmg, ( 


" for'-hang)* 


' curtain. 


bie geber, ( 


dee faid'r) 


' pen. 


" ®retbe, 


; lt kriedo) 


1 chalk. 


" £afet, ( 


" tahf'l) 


' blackboard 


11 @d)ad)tet, ( 


" shahht'l) 


" box. 


" ©ecfe, 


; " decko) 


' ' ceiling. 


" 2Banb, 


( " vant) 


" wall. 


" £f)itre, ( 


' ' teero) 


' door. 


bag Surf), 


^dass boohh) 


' book. 


" lineal, 


; " lin-yahl') 


' ' ruler. 


" papier, ( 


" pappeer w — ') 


" paper. 


- <Putt, 


; " puit) 


' ' desk. 


" genjfer, 


( " fenst'r) 


" window. 


" Xintefafe 


[ ' ' tin'-tef ass ) 


' inkstand. 


H>a3 tft ba3 ? 


Vass ist dass) w 


hat is that ? 



* Pronouucing hang almost as in Hong-Kong. 



8 

■3a— 9?em, (yah— nienj yes— no. 

md)t, (nijht, almost like nisht) not. 

fottbern, (zond'rn) but. 

toeber — ttod), (vaid'r — nohh) neither — nor. 

u. f. to==unb fo better, (oont zoh vie'tr) and so forth. 

Remarks : In German even inanimate objects 
may be masculine or feminine and, as the articles, 
pronouns and adjective-endings are different in 
different genders, care must be taken to learn well the 
definite article with each noun so as to know if the 
noun is masculine, feminine or neuter. The rules for 
distinguishing the genders by the meaning of the word 
or by its ending are too complicated to be of any use 
to a beginner, however, it may be remembered that 
most of the nouns ending in e are feminine, those 
ending in en are masculine. 





fjaricn 


(farben) 


Colors, 




fdjnmrg, 




(shvarts) 




black. 


rot, 




(roht) 




red, 


grim 




(green) 




green. 


bramt, 




(broun) 




brown. 


toeig, 




(viess) 




white. 


blew, 




(blou) 




blue. 


flelb, 




(gelp) 




yellow. 


grew, 




(grou) 




gray. 


er, (air) 


he 


fie, (zee) 


she e3 


(ess) it 



. 9 

Remark 2 : The English pronoun it must be 
rendered by he (er) or she (fie) if it refers to a masculine 
or feminine noun. 

2Bte tft ber Sletflift? (vee ist dair blie-stift) 

How is the pencil. (= of what color is the pencil). 

biefer (masc.), biefe (fern.), b.tefe« (neut.) this, 
(deez'r, deezo, deezos) 

roettfjer (masc), tt)et<f)e (fern.), roetdjeS (neut.), which, 
(veljhor, veljho, veljhos) 

Remark 3 : Notice that the endings of the pro- 
nouns and articles are r, e, s respectively for mas- 
culine, feminine and neuter. 

Remark 4 : Adjectives preceding the noun end in e. 

2)a8 fdjwarge 93ntf), bag roeige papier, btc gelbe (gelbe) fteber. 

Qmitt ficftion (tsvieto) Second Lesson. 

tang (lank) long, fur^ (kurts*) short 

brett (briet) broad, fdjmat (shmahl) narrow 

grog (grohs) large, Hem (klien) small 

bid (dick) thick, biinn (deenn) thinf 

Remark 5 : The comparative of adjectives is 
formed by adding er ; the vowels a, o, u are generally 
modified in such a case, i. e. (anger (laing'r), filler 
(keerts'r), grower (grces'r), etc. 

* Do not forget that the u is pronounced as in pull. 
f Sounds almost like din. 



10 

Remark 6 : The superlative is formed by inserting 
ft or eft between the adjective and its ending, as : ber- 
langfte, bag fikjefte, ber grfifjte, bte brettefte, etc. ; as a predicate 
the superlative is generally preceded by am and ends 
in [ten, as : am grogten (grcest'n), am rTetnften, am fitrgeften 
(keert'sostn), etc. 

<So grog tote (zoh grohs vee) as large as, longer aU 

(laing'r als) longer than, am flemftett the shortest. 

$ritte 8c!twn (drittaj Third Lesson. 

®letbmtggftitcfe (klie'doongs-steecko — '^ ^'w) cloth- 
ing, ber $tod (rock*), the coat, bie 2Befte (vesto)the vest, bag 
23emf(eib (bien-klied) the trousers, ber §ut (hoot) the hat, 
bag $(etb (kliedj the dress, ber <Sd)itf) (shoo) the shoe, bag 
£afcf)entucf) (tashn-toohh) the handkerchief, bte $rabatte 
(kravat'oj the necktie, ber $ragett (krahg'n) the collar, 
bte SQtafdjette (manshet'oj the cuff, ber £>cmbfcW fhant'- 
shoo) the glove. 

Nominative. Genitive. 

2Ber (vair) who SBeffett (vess'n) whose 

ber §err (hairrj the gentleman, beg §errtt (dess hairn) 
bte grau (f rouj the lady, ber grau 

bag gra'utetn (froilien) the Miss beg grautehtg 

Remark 7 : The English possessive or the word 
of (the gentleman's hat, the hat of the gentleman, the 
lady's dress, the dress of the lady, the young lady's 
handkerchief, the handkerchief of the young lady) 
are translated by the genitive case in German : ber £ttt 
beg §ernt, bug $tetb ber gratt, bag £afd)entud) beg gr&ittetrtg. 

* The o almost like the u in stuck. 



11 

Remark 8 : Mr., Mrs , Miss are also translated by 
§err, Srctit, grautehu 

Remark 9 : Before a name the s of the genitive 
grfiutetttS is omitted. Miss Muller's book, bag SBud) beS 
graulem Sftiifter. 

Sftetn (mien) my, 3Ijr (er) your, fern (zien) his, its, 
tf)r (eerj her. — When these pronouns are adjectives of 
feminine nouns they end in e as : mem 33(etfttft (masc ) 
but meine Jeber (fern.), feitt £afd)entud) (neut. ) but feirte 
$r (matte (fern.) 

SSiertc Scftton (feerto) Fourth Lesson. 

gefyert, fommeit, fte^en, fi^en, ttegen, fetu. 

(gain) (kom'n*) (shtai'nj (zits'n) (leegn) (zienj 
to go to come to stand to sit to lie to be 

id) (ijh) I, ©te (zee) you, Ijter (heer) here, bort (dorrt) there. 

Remark 10 : The infinitives end all in n, the first 
person of the verbs ends in e (id) gefye I go, id) lomm: 
I come), the second person in en (©te geJjen you go, ©i e 
fomnten you come), the third person in t (er gefyt (gait) he 
goes, fie lommt (komt) she comes). 

id) bin <Ste ftrtb er, fie, e3 ift, 2Bo 

(ijh bin) (zee zint) (air, zee, es ist) (voh) 

I am you are he, she, it is where 

2BaS time id)? What am 1 doing ? or What do I do ? 
(vass tooo ijh). 

2Bct3 tl)un @te ? What are you doing ? or What do you do? 
(vass toon zee). 

* The o as in the English come. 



12 

Sag tljut cr ? What is he doing? or What does he do ? 
(vass toot air). 

Remark 11 : Expressions like : I am going, I do 
go, you are coming, he is standing, he does stand, etc., 
can merely be translated as : I go, you come, he 
stands, etc. 



giutftc Scfhon (feenfto) Fifth Lesson. 

betuegen, ftUlljaften, beruljren, nefymen 

(bevaig'n) (shtill'haltn) (bereern) (naim'n) 

to move to hold still to touch to take 

ctitfmadjen, grnnadjert, (jmtegen, fjtnfteflen 

(auf'mahhon) (tsoo'mahhon) (hin'laig'n) (hin'shtell'n) 
to open to close to lay down to put down 

In conjugating verbs with accentuated prefixes 
the latter are detached and put at the end of the 
sentence : -3d) mad)e bic Xftihe auf, <2ie legen ba$ 23ud) f)in, 
(gr ftettt ben ©tittjt l)tn, etc. 

iBtttc (bitto) please, Xcrnk (danko) I thank you 

Remark 12 : The accusative (= objective case) of 
the masculines is formed by changing the ending of 
articles,, pronouns and adjectives into tt (respectively 
adding en), the noun itself is not changed. The 
feminine and neuter articles, pronouns and adjectives 
do not undergo any change, ex. • 

Nominative : 2)er rotfye SBCetftift ftegt ljter 

The red pencil lies here. 

Accusative : 3d) nefnne ben voteu 23(etfttft 
I take the red pencil. 



13 

Remark 13 : As said in remark 2, the pronoun "it" 
must be translated by er (he), fie (she) when the noun 
is masculine or feminine ; for the same reason the 
pronoun "it" must, in the accusative masc., be 
translated by tfjn (him), 9£el)men <3ie ben SBIetfttft? 5a, id) 
tteljme tljn =Yes, I take it (him). 

As there is no difference in the feminine between 
the nominative and accusative the English "she " and 
"her" are both in German "fie." 

an (an*) at, auf (oufj on, wtter (unt'r) under, cor (for) 
there, Ijtnter (hin'tr) behind, neben (naib'n) near, in (in) 
in, gttufdjen (tsvish'n) between, (jcmgen (haing'n) to hang, 
roerfett (vairf'n) to throw, gieljett (tsee'n) to draw, ftecfen 
(shteck'n) to put into, to stick into, tragett (trahg'n) to 
carry. 

3d) roerfe (vairfo) ; er, fie, eS rotrft (veerft) ; <Ste toerfen 
(vairf'n). 

-3d) trage (trahgo) ; er, fie, e§ tragt (traigt) ; ©te trageu 
(trahg'n). 

It will be noticed that for the third person singular 
the e in the stem of merfen is changed to t, and that the 
a of tragett is changed for the third person into ci ; this 
change takes place in many verbs. We shall when 
they occur give the third person besides the infinitive 
or the first person. 

Remark 14 : The objects of the above prepositions 
are in the accusative case (see remark 12). 

3)er ®orb (korp) basket, . ber itber^tefjer (eebr'-tsee'r 
— ' w — -*■") overcoat, bie geljne (laina) the back (of a chair), 
ber £mcfeu (hahk'n) hook, bte 3ettmtg (tsie-toong — ' 
newspaper, bte (Sde (ecko) corner. 

* Sounds almost like the English on. 



14 

Remark 15: The English '-'it'' is often (especially 
after prepositions) translated by benfel&en (accus. masc), 
btefelbe (fern.), bctffetbe (neut.), the literal meaning of 
which is "the same." 



©ed)(k Ceftion (zexto) Sixth Lesson. 

1 (iens), 2 (tsvie), 3 (drie), 4 (feer), 5 (feenf), 6 (zex), 
7 (zeeb'n), 8 (ahht), 9 (nien), 10 (tsain), 11 (elf), 
12 (tsvcelf), 13 (drie'tsain), 14 (feer'tsain), 15 
(feenf 'tsain), 16 (zejh'tsain), 17 (zeeb'tsain), 18 (ahhf- 
tsain), 19 (nien'tsain), 20 (tsvan'tsijh), 21 (ien'-unt- 
tsvan'tsijh), 22 (tsvie'-unt-tsvan'tsijh), 23 (drie'-unt- 
tsvan'tsijh), 24 (feer'-unt-tsvan'tsijh), etc., 30 (drie'- 
sijhj, 40 (feer'tsijh), 50 (feenf'tsijh), 60 (zejh'tsijh), 
70 (zeeb'tsijh), 80 (ahht'tsrjh), 90 nien'tsijh), 100 
(hund'rt*), 200 (tsvie hund'rtj, 365 (drie hund'rt feenf 
unt zejh'tsijh), 1000 (touz'nt). S^W 11 (tsail'n) to count. 
t)ou (fonf) from, 6t$ (biss) as far as, until, tote Diet (vee- 
feelj how much, how many, meljr (mair) more, toemger 
(vai'nigr — *'ww) less, nod) toemger (nohh vai'nigr) still 
less, 3 mat 3 (drie mahl drie) 3 times 3, ebenfomel (aib'n- 
zoh-feel) just as much, ber Unterfdjteb (unt'r-sheet) 
difference. 

The word urn in sentences like " 6 ift urn 2 mefyr at8 4" 
cannot be translated ; it is used to show a difference in 
value but may be elided. 

Masculine Feminine Neutre 

toeld)er toetcfye toeldjeS which 

toag fitr em toaS fitr erne toa§ fitr em what kind of a 

* Don't forget to pronounce the u everywhere as in pull. 
f Sounds almost like fun. 



15 

Notice the different forms of em for the different 
genders ! (Sin means one as well as a or an. 

Remark 16 : When the English "what" is followed 
by a noun translate it by "what kind of," ex. : What 
hat is that ? 2Ba3 fitr em §ut ift bag? 

Remark 17 : .After the indefinite article (em, erne, 
em) and the possessive pronouns (mem, 3fyr, fern, etc.) the 
adjective takes the endings of the definite article 
(ber, bie, ba&) ex. : em fd)tt?av^er £ut, erne fd^toarge geber, em 
fcfymargeS ®Ietb. 

£>te (gin^ar,! (ien'tsahl( Singular 
£)te 9^el)rgat)t (mair'tsahl) Plural. 

Remark 18 : The plural of most nouns is formed 
by the ending e, a few however take er, and 
those ending in e (and a few monosyllables) take tt or 
where euphony demands it en. 

Masculines and neuters ending in er, el, en 
have the same form for the plural but often take 
the Umlaut, as : gertflter, finger, 'Decfel, §alen, $ragen. 

For examples in the formation of the plural see "Methode," page 19 
and 20, for rules, see the appendix of this book. 

£)te 23iirfte brush, ber ©djitfer (sheel'r) pupil (male), bte 
©djitferin (sheel'rin) pupil (female), ber £el)rer (lairor) 
teacher (male), bte £eljrerm (lairorin) teacher (female), 
ba& Xud) (toohh) cloth, bet* £I)ennometer (tairmomait'r 
— ^_-*^) thermometer, ber $eber()alter penholder, ber 
3>cfe( cover (of a book or a vessel), ber ©<i)luffef (shleess'l) 
key, ber Mantel (mant'l) cloak, ber ^agel (nahg'l) nail. 



16 

Siefiente Seftion (zeeb'nto) Seventh Lesson. 

Personal Pronouns. 



Norn. 


i 


id, 
I 


er fie 
he she 


eS 
it 


toil* 
we 


©ie 
you 


they 


Ace. 


i 


nttd) 
me 


tljn fie 
him her 


e3 
it 


un3 
us 


<2>te 
you 


fie 
them 








Possessive 


Pronouns. 






meitt 
my 




fein 
his 


tljr fein 
her its 




mtfer 
our 


your 


their 



Remark 19 : As said in the 3rd lesson the possess- 
ive pronouns take an e when used as adjectives of 
feminine nouns, the same ending is used for the plural : 
ntetne £mnbe, -3I)re SBletfttfte, fettle Sitter, etc. 

The plural of ber, bte, ba$ is bte, as : baS 23ud) the book, 
bie 23itd}er, the books ; bte 23tetfttfte the pencils, bte ^ebern the 
pens. 

The plural of btefer, jener, luetc^ev for the three 
genders is btefe, jeue, tuetdje. 

The genitive plural of all these pronouns and 
articles ends in r, as : metner 53itd}er of my books, ber 
£)cmten of the ladies, btefer ©djiiler of the pupils (but btefeg 
©emitters of this pupil [sing.]), roeldjer £>erven of which 
gentlemen (but ine(d,e3 $errtt of which gentleman). 

Remark 20 : The adjective preceded by an article 
or a pronoun ends in the plural in en, ex. : bte fdjiMi^en 
23itd)er, metne groften £ifd)e. But if the adjective is not 
preceded by an article or pronoun it ends in e for the 
nominative and accusative and in r for the genitive 



17 



(i. e. it has the ending which the article or pronoun 
would have had), ex. : fdjunu^e 23iid)er, grofte £tfdje ; — Waiter 
Sfogen of blue eyes, [djtoarger £)itte of black hats. 

Remark 2 1 : The verbs in the plural end in en. 
id) gefye ftnr gefyen er gefyt fie gefjett 



I go we 


go 




he 


goes they go 


id) fycibe 

(ijh hahbo) 

I have 




er l)at 

(air hat) 

he has 




nnr fyciben 

(veer hahb'n) 

we have 


<3ie fyaben 

(zee hahb'n) 

you have 








fie fyabett 

(zee hahb'n) 

they have 



jwfcmtmen nur mefyrere aud) 

(tsoozam'n — — '^) (noor) (mairore — '-— — ) (ouhh) 
together only several also 



baS ©elb bie Sftarf ber pfennig 

(gelt) (mark) (pfennijh) 

money 05 cents, 1 shilling penny 



Diet 
(feel) 
much, many 

fein 
(kien) 
not one, not any 



toeing 
(vainijh) 
little, few 

am metfteit 

(am miest'n) 

the most 



aitbere 

(and re) 

others 



atte einige aber 

(alte) (ienigo _'>-—) (ahb'r) 

all some, a few but 



fefr 
(zair) 
very 

nod) 

(nohh) 

still 

beibe 

(biede) 

both 

bie ©d)iilc 
(shoole) 
school 



Slfcer and fonbern botU mean but; tU« Jutter id only used to correct u 
previous statement, 



18 



$itf)tt Scftion (ahhta) Eighth Lesson. 



fdjret6en 

(shrie'bn) 

to write 



id) lefe 
(laize) 
I read 



enbeit id) fange an 

(end'n) (ijh. fanga an) 
to end I begin 



er (teft 

(leest) 

he reads 

er ftirtgt an 

(fangt*) 

he begins 



fagen 

(zahg'n) 

to say 



r)etgen 

(hie'ssn) 

to be called 



fprecrjen 

(shprejh'n) 

to speak 



man fputdjt 

(man shprijht) 

one speaks 



bucfjftabteren 

(boohh-stah-beer'n) 

to spell 

antroorten 
(ant'wortn) 
to answer 



Remark 22 : In English you often use ive, you or 
they to speak indefinitely of people, as : " In Paris they 
speak French," in German man is used in such cases : 
3)?an fprid)t frangoftfd) in tyax'1%. 



id) [telle etne fixate 

(ijh shtello ieno frahge) 

I ask a question 

ber SBudjftctbe 

(boohh-shtahba — ' — ^) 

letter 



id) fage fjer 

(ijh zahgo hair) 

I recite 



bte 2t(6e 

(zilbo) 

syllable 



baQ Sort 

(vorrt) 
word 



ber $ofaI 

(vohkahT) 

vowel 

ber -j3unft 
(punkt) 
period, point, 



ber $onfonant 

(kon-zoh-nanf) 

consonant 



brr 2a£ 

(zats) 

sentence 

bie 3ette 
(zieto) 
page 



ber Strtd) bug ^ragegetc^en 

(shtrijh) (frah-go-tsie-jhen — '^ — ^) 
dash, interrogation mark 



* aag in fangt pronounced like ahg in the English worft hang. 



19 

(ous-roof-tsie-jhon — ' ^) (kom'mah) 

exclamation mark comma 

auf beutftf) engtifrf) .franjofifd) 

(ouf doitsh) (ainglish) (fran-tsoe-zish ^— V ) 

in German English French 

ttalu.ctfdj fyamfdj rtdjttg falfdj 

(ee-tahl-yai'-nish) (shpah-nish) (rijhtijh) (falsh) 
Italian Spanish correct wrong 

ber erfte, $mdte, britte, toterte, fftitfte, the first, second, third, 
fourth, fifth (to form the ordinal numbers add te as far 
as nineteen incl., from twenty on add fte, as: 
jtoangigfte, bmfetgfte, etc). 

Remark 23 : The ordinal numbers are declined 
like other adjectives, i. e. take the same endings for 
the cases or the plural. 

9lcunte Seftimt (nointo) Ninth Lesson. 

3)te Ubtmg (eebung) the exercise. 

■Der ©djiitei becmttuorte bte folgenben ^ragen. 

(dair shee-l'r bai-ant'-vor-to dee f ol'gen-dn frah-gn 

The student is to answer the following questions. 

3)er ©d)uter bilbe bte gu ben folgcubcn 2lnttt)orteit paffettben Sfragen. 

(dair sheePr bilda dee tsoo dain fol'-gen-dn ant'-vor-tn 
pass'n-dn f rah-g'n) 

The student is to form the questions fitting the follow- 
ing answers. 



20 

geljnte fieftion (tsainto) Tenth Lesson. 

ftellen ftefjen fe£en ft£en fdjte&en 

to put to stand to set to sit to push 

btet&ett fctffen er laftt 

(blieb'n) (lass'n) (laisst) 

to remain to leave he leaves 

2Bo()m (voh-hin — — ') ? 2£o (voh)? 

Whither (where to) ? Where (at what place) ? 

SBofjer (voh-hair ')? 

Whence (where from) ? 

Remark 24 : In German you must carefully 
distinguish between whither, where and whence. You 
cannot say : Where are you going ? instead of : 
Whither are you going? (= where are you going to? ) 

Remark 25: After the verb "to be "the nomina- 
tive is used ; after prepositions denoting a motion 
towards a place (i e. answering the question "whither?, 
where to ?) the accusative is used ; after prepositions 
denoting the occupying of a place (where is it ?) and 
those signifying leaving or going away (whence ?) 
the dative follows. As the same preposition some- 
times may denote a motion towards a place (I put the 
book on [under] the table), or the occupation of a 
place (the book lies on [under] the table) the accusa- 
tive or the dative must follow according to the 
meaning. See examples in the ' ' Methode " page 29 of 
the nominative after the question "2Ba3 if* bag?", the 
accusative after "SBoIjin?", the dative after "Soljer?" 
and "So?" 



21 



Remark 26 : The dative singular of articles and 
pronominal adjectives is formed in the masculine by 
the ending m (bent, meldjem, btefem, etc.), in the feminine 
by the ending v (bev, toetdjer, einev, metnev, etc.) ; the 
adjectives preceded by articles or pronominal adject- 
ives end in n (bem gvoften 23(etfttft, bev fdjtucirgeit $ebev, bem 
gvitnen S3ud)), but if not thus preceded they take the 
ending of the article (fdjtoargem $<xax, voter £mte, giimem 
23ud)). The masculine and neuter nouns, if they have 
not already an e in the last syllable, may take an e* 
(bem <Stuf)(e, bem £ifd)e, bem 23ud)e, but bem Robert without e as 
there is one in the last syllable) ; feminine nouns 
remain unchanged. The dative plural of all words 
for all genders ends in n (ben iangen SBfeifttften, btefen grofcn 
£()iiven, jenen bveiten genftevn). 



bie ®axte 
(dee karrto) 
card 

bie ©djnblabe 
(shoob'-lah-de) 
drawer 

bev 23vtef 

(dair breef ) 

letter 

ba$ ©ofa 

(zohfah) 

sofa 



bct3 <Sd)ntymmev 
(das shool'-tsim-mr) 
schoolroom 

Sevang 
(hair-ous^^') 
out (adv.) 

bev ©djirm 
(sheerm) 
umbrella, parasol 



ettoaS 

(et'-vass) 

something 



ntdjts 
(nijhts) 
nothing 



baS $ov^tmmev 

fohr'-tsim-mr) 

anteroom 

fytnein 
(hin-ien^^^') 
in (adv.) 

bev SRegeufdjirm 
(raig'n-sheerm) 
umbrella 

jemnnb 
(yai'-mant) 
somebody 



memanb 

(nee'-mant) 

nobody 



Sevang 
(hairous ^ — ') 
out of it 



* This e may also be omitted. 







Personal Pronouns. 




Whom? 


me him her it us 


Ace. 


2Ben? 


mid) tfm fte e3 urn 


Dat. 


2Bem? 


mtv tf)m ttjr it)m un8 



22 



you them 
@ie fie 
3(men ifyitett 

Remark 27. "Myself" and '"ourselves" are trans- 
lated like "me" and "us," (3d) lege ba3 SBudj Dor mid) [um°] 
I lay the book in front of myself [ourselves]). 

Yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, them- 
selves are all translated by fid), ex. : er legt e3 neben fidj 
= he puts it near himself ; fteflert ©ie ba3 Xtntefa^ uor fid) = 
put the inkstand in front of yourself; bie §erren fatten ba$ 
33ud) gnrif djett fid) = the gentlemen hold the book between 
themselves. 

"To sit down" is translated by fid) fefeeu (literally : 
to set one's self) : -3d) fefce mid), er (fie) fet3t fidj, roir fe^en urt8, 
©ie fe£en fidj, fie fefcen fid). 

dlfte Seltton (elfto) Eleventh Lesson. 

fonnen (koennon) to be able mitffen (meess'n) to be obliged 



id) farm (kan) 


I can 


W) 


mui} 


(muss) I must 


er fann 


he can 


er 


mutj 


he must 


ttrir fonnen 


we can 


tot 


c muff 


en we must 


fie fonnen* 


they can 


fie 


mitffen they must 


molten (voll'n) 


to desire 






id) brefje an (ab) 


id) mill (vill) 


I desire 






(draiho an (ap) 


er milt 


he desires 






I turn on (off) 


toir mollen 


we desire 






idj r)ebe auf 


fie molTeu 


they desire 






(haibo ou.f) 
I lift (up) 



*As the translation of "you" is the same as for "they" (only that the 
former is spelt with a capital) we shall not any more give both in the 
conjugation^. 



23 



Remark 28 : Infinitives stand at the end of the 
sentence in which case adverbs forming only one idea 
with the verb are written together with it. like 
prefixes, as : 3dj brelje bag (3a$ an (I turn the gas on) 
but : 3dj mtCC ba% @a3 anbrefyeu (I desire to turn on the gas), 
in the latter example bsefyen being an infinitive (since it 
depends on another verb = hrifl) Such prefixes are 
called separable and are always accented. 



(tsoo) 
too 

ftarl 

(shtarrk) 

strong 



id) fdjttege gii 
(shleesso tsoo) 
Hock 

gerreigen 

(tser-rie'-ssn) 

to tear 

gerbredjen 

(tsor-brejh'n) 

to break 



genug 

(gonoohh *-> — ') 
enough 



fdjtoadj 

(shvahh) 

weak 

tdj fc^ttege auf 
(shleesso ouf ) 
I unlock 



fdjtoer feidjt 

(shvair) (liejht) 

heavy light 

bagu 

(dah-tsoo') 

for it 



toerfdjtoffen 

(forshloss'n) 

locked 

^erfdjnetben 

(tsor-shnie'-dn) 

to cut 



ftetgen 
(shtie'gn) 

to step up (or down) 



Remark 29 : "For" referring to verbs is translated 
by urn gu (for writing = um gu fdjreibett. Are you tall 
enough for reaching the gas fixture = ©inb (Sic grog 
gemtg, urn ben ®a8ctrm gu beritfyren). 

"For" with nouns and pronouns is fur (followed by 
the accusative as : fur mid), fuv ©ie, fitr il)n, fuv ben §errn, fur 
bie Jrau), 



24 



ber obere Sftafymen 
(oh-bo-re rahm'n) 
the upper frame 


bte ®onfofe 

(kon-zoh'-la) 

shelf 


bie Ufc 
(oor) 
the watch, clock 


bte ^ajjjje 
(pap-pe) 
the paste-board 


bte 23cmf 

(bank*) 

the bench 


ba3 ^ebett^tmmer 
(naib'n-tsim-mr) 
adjoining room 


ba§ SSorterbttd) 
(vcer-tor-boohh — ' - 
the dictionary 


bte §anbtafdje 
- — ) (hant'-tashe*) 
the hand-bag 


ber 'jpiafc 

fplatts) 
the place 


jamofjt 
(yah-vohl') I 
yes, indeed 


{'u\U t>on Sfjneit 

^links f on ee-nan) 

on your left 




ttmutm 

(vah-rum't) 

why 


toett 
fviel) 
because 


ft) e nit 

(ven) 

if 




ot)rte 
(ohna) 
without 



Remark 30 : After most conjunctions J the verb is 
transposed to the end of the sentence, the adverbs 
spoken of in remark 28 being used as prefixes in such 
cases. Compare the following : 



without conjunction 



id) madje bte SOjiir auf 
bte 3>cfe tft toetft 



with conjunction 



f tnernt id) bie Xljiir aufmadje 
J menn tie Xedfc njeift ift 
lueU id) bie £t)itv attfniad)e 
roetf bie 3)ecfe fteif; tft 



*Pronounce the a as in yacht. 



f u as in pull. 



25 

Remark 31 : Many adverbs are formed with fyttt 
and fyer, as : fyinein, fyerein (into) fyincwf, fyerauf (up) ; (jutunter, 
fjerunter (down); fyinab, fyerab (down); fyinanS, f)erau$ (out) — 
Ijer conveying the idea of direction towards the speaker, 
f)tn the direction away from the speaker, as: Common 
©tc herein = come in (I am in the room myself), but : 
@el)en <8ie fjinein = go in (I am outside). 



gtoiilfte Scftion (tsvoelfto) Twelfth Lesson. 

@eben (gaib'n) to give ; er giebt (gipt) he gives ; erljaften 
(erhalt'nj to receive ; er erljctft (erhell't) he receives ; 
reidjen (riejh'n) to reach, to pass ; bring en to bring ; bitten 
urn to ask for, to beg for ; fdjtcfen to send ; banfen to thank; 
fagento say; tneit babon entfernt (wiet da-fon' ent-fairnt') far 
away from it; ber 9cctme (aahmo) the name; ba3 93i(b 
(bilt) the picture; bag ©treidjljotg (shtriejh'holts) the 
match (plural : bie ©treidjfyo^er) ; burd) (doorjh) through. 

Another is translated by ein cmberer (nomin. masc), 
einen anberen (accus. masc), eine anbere (fern.) ein anbereS 
(neut. ). 

Remark 32 : When a verb has two objects, an 
indirect and a direct one (i. e. a personal and an im- 
personal one), the former takes the dative form (see 
remark 26, as also the declension table in the appendix,), 
Examples : Si) gebe bem §eurn ben SBteiftift, Su reidjt ber ftnux 
bie geber, ®eben 3ie mir (not : mid)) meinen §nt, 3d) fcige 3f)nen 
(not: <2>ie) meinen teamen. 

Remark 33 : Myself, yourself, etc., as reflexive 
pronouns, i. e. when subject and object represent the 
same person (as in: he puts it before himself, he 
seats himself; er ftettt e$ Dor fid), er fefct fid)) have been 



26 

explained in remark 27, but when they merely serve to 
emphasize who the person is, the word felbft is used. 
Ex. : 3d) fomme felbft, I am coming myself ; er fdjreibt ba$ 
felbft, he himself is writing it ; er fdjitft e3 tf)r felbft, he is 
sending it to her herself, &c. 

(SthwS some, a little ; bitte means please or you are 
ivelcome (after receiving thanks) ; ©eten ©te fo giitig 
(zie'n zee zoh geetijh) be so kind ; §aben ©te bie ©iitc 
(geeto) have the kindness. 

Remark 34 : Translate : tell him to do it by tell 
him that he shall do fcY=©agen ©te tfjm, baft er e3 tljutt foil. 
The conjunction may be elided : Tell him he shall do 

it=©agett ©te il)itt, er foil e3 tlnttt. 

Remark 35 : After the conjunction baft the verb is 
put at the end of the clause (compare remark 30). 

3d) foil, er foil, intr follen, fie follen ; though f oUen has often 
the meaning of shall it frequently has other meanings 
especially to be desired to do a thing. Examples : 3d) 
foil fdjretben, They desire me to write ; ©te follen gel)en, 
you are desired to go ; $avt foil bie Xfyuv guntadjen, I want 
Charles to close the door. 

2>m$cljnte gcfiion (drie-tsainto) Thirteenth Lesson. 

Remark 36 : The prepositions nut (with), gu (to) are 
always followed by the dative. The word \va$ is rarely 
used after prepositions, mo (before vowels wov) con- 
tracted with the preposition is used instead : tnonttt 
with what, toooon from what, toofitr for what, toorin in 
what, toorcmf on what, etc. 

fdjneiben er fdjneibet feljett er fteljt l)b'ren 

(shnie'dn) (shniedot) (zai'n) (zeet) (hoern) 
to cut he cuts to see he sees to hear 



27 



rtedjett 
(reejh'n) 
to smell 



effett 
(ess'n) 
to eat 



ertfet 
(isst) 
he eats 



trtnfett 

(trink'n) 
to drink 



taut (eife 
(lout) (liese) 
loud low 

am oeften 

(am best'n) 

the best 

ba§ SBettdjen 
(fieljh'n) 
violet 



fdjrtea 

(shnell) 

quick 

fdjtedjt 
(shlejht) 
bad 



(angfam 
(lang'zahm) 
slow 

bte 58utme 
(bloomo) 
flower 



gut 
(goot) 

good 

bte 9?ofe 

(rohzo) 

rose 



(klopf'nj 
to knock 

beffer 

(bess'r) 
better 

bte Xufye 
(tulpe) 
tulip 



bag ©ttefmittterdjett 
(shteef-meet'rjh'n — ' — 
pansy 



bte $afe 
^) (vahzo) 

vase 



ber ^fe( 
((apf'l) 
apple 

bte (Srbbeere 
(airt'bairQ) 
strawberry 

bag ©emitfe 
(gemeezo) 
vegetable 

ber £f)ee 
(tai) 
tea 



bte SBtnte 

(beerno) 

pear 

bte $trfd)e 

(keersho) 

cherry 

bte ©petfe 

(shpiezo) 

food 



bte Xvaube 

(traubo) 

grape 



bag SBrot 
(broht) 
bread 



bct§ glctfdj 
(mesh) 
meat 



bte gntd)t (pi. griidjte) bag ©bjt 
(fruhht) (freejhto) (ohpst) 
fruit fruit 



bte mid) 

(miljh) 

milk 



bag Saffcv 
(vass'r) 
water 



bag ©etrcittl 

(getrenk') 

drink 

ber 2Bem 
(vien) 
wine 



ber ®affec 
(kaffai) 
coffee 

bag 23ter 
(beer) 
beer 



bte £tmonabe 

(limonah'do) 

limonade 



bie SoJjtte 

(bohno) 

bean 



bte (Svbfc 
(erpso) 
pea 

{jeu-fagen 



ber ^ucfer 

(tsoock'r) (hair zahg'n — ' — ^) 

sugar to recite, id) fage fiev I recite 



bfe ^artoffct bte SBittter 
(kartoff'l) (boott'r) 
potato butter 

man ttemtt 
(mann nenntj 
one names (calls) 



28 



SJierjefjnte £cf turn (feer-tsainty) Fourteenth Lesson. 



95or bem (Sffett 
before eating 



ba3 £t|cfjtud) 
(tish'-toohh) 
table cloth 



ber Xelfter runb trievecftg 

(tell'r) (runt) (feer'-eckijh) 
plate round square 



jeber 

(yaid'r) 

every 

bie ©djiiffet 

(sheess'l) 

dish 



bie ^erfon 
(pairzoh'n] 
person 

bev £offe( 
(loeffl) 
spoon 



bie @abet bag 9fteffer ba$ ^3 lag bie Jtafdje bie Xaffe gie§en 
(gahb'l) (mcss'r) (glahs) (iiash'o) (tass'o) (gees'n; 
fork knife glass bottle cup to pour 

Remark 37: The word u of" in expressions like 
a glass of water, a piece of paper, is not translated 

(eiu ®(a3 SBaffer, em ©turf papier). 



fdjmecfen 

(shmeck'n) 

to taste 

bitter 
(bittr) 
bitter 



bev (Sefcfjmacf 
(gashmick') 
taste 



ber @erudj 

(goroohh') 

smell 



fewer 

(zou'r) 

sour 



bie i^unge 

(tsoongo) 

tongue 

m 

(zees) 
sweet) 



angenefym 

(ati'-gonaim) 

agreeable, pleasant 

gem mogen (gairn mceg'n) to like 
tiicfjt mogen not to like 
gent effen to like to eat 

" trttilen " drink 

" riecrjen " smell 
Itebcr mogen (leeb'r) to like better, to prefer 
(rebev trtnlen to prefer drinking 
am Uebften mogen (am leebst'n) to like best 



unanqenefym 

f — ) 

disagreeable, unpleasant 

id) mag (mahh) T like 
er mag he likes 
trjtr mogen we like 
fie mogen they like 



29 



fd)on 

(sheen) 

beautiful 



(hess'lijh) 
ugly 



fdjmufetg 
(shmoot'sijh) 
dirty 



aerriffett 
(tserriss'n) 
torn 



ber (StnBcmb 
(ien'bant) 
binding 



eirtgebmtbett 
(iengebundn — u 
bound 



*)et Tej)ptdj 
(teppijh) 
carpet 



bci3 ©tittf fyolert bte €)peifefarte 

(shteeck) (hohl'n) (spiez9-karrte — ^ 

piece to fetch bill of fare 



bte portion 
(ports-yoh'n) 
portion 



bte ,3ucferbofe 

(tsoockr-dohso) 

sugar bowl 



Sic tt!jr (oor) The Timepiece (Watch or Clock) 

®oufo(e (konzohlo — — '^) bracket, toerfefjiebert (fer 
shee'du) different, 2B.tnbu§i* (vant-oor) hanging clock, 
©tcmbuljr (shtant-oor) standing clock, ©tutntfyu (shtuts- 
oor) French clock, Xctfdjenuljr (tash'n-oor) watch, ber 
3eiger (tsie'gr) the hand of a clock or watch, getgett 
(tsie'gn) to show, to point out, bte ©tunbe (shtundr>) the 
hour, bte 2Jttmtte (minnoo't9) the minute, bte ©efuttbe 
(zeckun'do) the second, ber £ag (tahhj the day. 

3d) 3tef)e tttetne Ufyv auf I wind up my watch, id) ftefle 
mehte Ufyr I set my watch, nctd) behind time, Dor ahead of 
time, bte Ufjr geljt borthe watch gains, fie getjt nad) it looses, 
(ie gef)t rtdjttg it is on time gerabe (gorah'da) exactly. 

mtoki Uf)r tft eg? What time is it? Urn mietriet U&r? At 
what time ? (gin Ufjv, jiuet lUjr, bret Ufyv one o'clock, two 



30 

o'clock, three o'clock, (gin $iertet (feertl) one quarter, 
l)alb (halp) half, bretotertel three quarters.* 

Besides saying as in English a quarter past (nacfy), 
a quarter before (r>or), 5 minutes to (bis), it is common 
in German instead \ or J past an hour, or \ before an 
hour to say £, J, f toward the next hour, for instance \ 
past two would be J toward 3 = em Siertel auf bret ; half 
past two= fyatfc bret ; \ to three = bretotertel auf bret. 

$lnfangen to commence, git (Snbe fettt to terminate, bauertt 
(dour'n) to last, entljctlten to contain, $cmtmftm3 (kameen'- 
zims) mantle shelf, tut ©egenteU ( — '^- — ) on the con- 
trary, morctitS out of what (i. e. what is it made of). 

©toffnamen names of substances, baS Sftetaft" the metal, 
(Mb gold, (Stlber silver, ®upfer copper, SO^efftng brass, 
(Stfeit iron, 23 (et lead, (Seibe silk, ©ammet velvet, 2Bofle 
(vollo) wool, SBcmmroofle (boum-vollo) cotton, gemtoanb 
(lien-vant) linnen, geber leather, §ol^ wood, (Stein stone, 
Wl armor marble. 

When names of substances are used as adjectives 
they have the ending en or em, as : gotben golden, bteiern 
leaden, feiben silken, etc , besides this ending they have 
the declension endings like other adjectives, as : ber 
(jo^erne Zi)d), ein fyotgeraer £tfd). 

$a§ 3aljr. The Year. 

S3i(ben to form, ber lug the day, einteUen (id) tetCe in., ein) 
to divide into, ber 9)ionat (moh'nat) the month, bte 2Bod)e 
the week, fie fyet^en they are called, ber ©onntag Sunday, 
ber Sttontag Monday, ber 3)ien3tag (deens'tahh) Tuesday. 
ber s Dcitttt>od) Wednesday, ber 2)onner§tag Thursday, ber tfreitag 

*'3)a8 brittel, fimftel, )ed)[tc(, u. f. fo. the third, fifth, sixth, etc. to 
form fractional numbers add t to the ordinals. 



31 

Friday, ber ©omtctbenb (zon'ahbnd) (SatnStag) Saturday, 
arbeitcit (ar'bietn) to work, ber Sftuljetag (roo'e-tahh) day of 
rest, einige some, biefev attentate of these months (genit. 
plur.), allein (alie ; n) only, ctlfo therefore, foIdj=ev*e=e$ (zoljh'r) 
such, ba$ ©djaltjalju leap year, bie StaljreSgett season, ber 
grueling (free'ling) spring, ber ©omnter summer, ber §evbft 
autumn (fall), ber 333 inter winter, entfjaiten (ent-halt'n) to 
contain, Ijcnte (hoito) to-day, geftern (gest ; rn) yesterday, 
tear was, movgen (morg'n) to-morrow, 

Page 59 ; ber ruieOtelfte (vee-feel-sto) which (referring 
to ordinal numbers only), itcidjfdjlagen (id) fdjlage nad)) to 
look up, ber ^alenber (^ ^ '— ) calendar, almanac, ©eljeu 
©ie f)er (hair) look here, oovig last, previous, ncid)ft 
(pronounce as in English) next, fallen to fall, faflt falls, 
barum (^^') therefore, bte s 2lnfgabe (ouf'gah-be) exercise, 
fdjtctgen to strike. 

Uftitng : £)er nnetnelfte ift (ben tuieoietften tjaben ruiv) what 
day of the month is it? toetcfje attf ben Sinter fotgt, which 
follows winter ; jet^t, now. 

3d) lomme 3 mat bte Socfje ()terf)ev. t come here 3 times a 
week ; e8 giebt, there are ; bte bent £)erbft oorangefyt (for-an'- 
gait) which precedes autumn. 

Remark 38 : As relative pronouns, the various 
forms of ber, bte, ba$ or roe(d)er, toeldje, roe(d)es are used both 
Cor persons or things : ber ffllaim, ber (or toeldjer) in bag 
3tmmer f'otnmt, the man who comes into the room ; 
bev 2Betn, ber (or roeld)er) attf bem £ifd)e fteljt, the wine which 
is on the table ; ber SBtetftift, ben (or rue(d)en) id) netnne, the 
pencil which I take; ber 2ftcmn, ben (toetdjen) id) fef)e ; bte 
$rau, bie (tueldje) ntir etn 53nd) giebt — bev 9ftcmn, toon bem (toetdjem) 
id) fpredje of whom I am speaking. 



32 

Remember: 1) that in a relative clause the verb 
must stand at the end ; 2) that the relative pronoun 
cannot be omitted, example : the money (which) I 
have in my pocket, ba$ @etb, roe(d)e3 (or ba3j idj in metner 
Xafdje fyabe. 

in the genitive sing, and plur. and dative plural 
the forms of the article or of tue(d). . . are not used ; the 
1 olio wing must be employed : Genit. sing. masc. or 
neut. : ber 93? emit, beffen gveunb id) bin, the man whose friend 
I am ; bag $(etb, beffen garbe grim ift, the dress, the color of 
which is green; genit. fern, and genit. plur. for all 
genders : bie grau, beren §ut id) ()abe the lady whose hat I 
have ; bie §erren, beren greunbe ttnr finb, the gentlemen whoso 
friends we are ; dative plur. for all genders : bie $men, 
benen loir bag ©elb geben. the gentlemen to whom we give 
the money. 



Sag unfa 9lafyt. Day and Night. 

£ei(en to divide, ber £ett part, rocifyrenb (vair'nt 
followed by the genitive) during, fjefl light, bunlel dark, 
em'giinben to light, bag ©tretdjljofg the match, brennen to burn, 
jefet now. Meitd)ten or erteudjten (erloijht'n) to light up. 
illuminate, gu nafje fommen to get too near, bie gfamme the 
flame, oerbrennen to scorch, burn, baljer (dah-hair) there- 
fore. 

Page 61 : ber &aal (plural ©die) the hall, bie (Sonne 
the sun, bie am Jpimmet ift which is in the sky, 
fdjauen (shou'n) to look, jtdjtbar visible, ber Sftonb 
the moon, ber ©tern (shtairn) the star, ber 2mfang be3 £age£ 
the beginning of day, ber SWorgen the morning, beffetben 
of it, of the same, ber SIbenb the evening, gef)t auf rises, 
ge^t nnter sets, ber 2ftittag noon, bem ©nben gegeniiber fiegt lies 



opposite the south, ber Often the east, ber 2Beften the west, 
ber s Jcoiben the north, ber ©itben the south, bte §tmme(§gegenb 
cardinal point, friif) early, fpcit late, aufftefyen (id) ftelje anf) 
to rise, get up, an'fteiben (id) ffetbe mtdj an) to dress, frnfyftiicfen 
to breakfast. 

UButtcj : Urn fe()en ju fonnen in order to be able to see, 
ba3 ber (Sonne that of the sun, bte (Sonne fd)eint the sun 
shines. 

$a$ ^Better. The Weather. 

3)ie Wolh cloud, bebecft covered, regnen to rain, ber 
Xrofcfen che drop, ber 9fogenfd)trm the umbrella, gegen 
against, oben above, e$ geljt fief) fct)tedt)t walking is bad, 
gefd)n£t (gesheetsf) protected, bte ©trage (shtrah'so) the 
street, ber ©djrttt the step, befprt£en bespatter, guritcff'efyveit 
to return, nm an^ngefyen for going out, roecfjfeln to change, 
na§ wet, auS'gtefyen to take off, trocfen dry, an'gtefyen put on, 
fdjneten to snow, bte ©dnteeftocfe the snowflake, genttfdjt 
mixed, fd)lagen to beat, bte genfterfdjetbe the window pane. 

Page 64: 3d) marine mid) I get warm (warm myself), 
bte $of)(e the coal, (jalten to hold, eg friert mtdj (@te, tljn, unS, 
etc.) I (you, etc) feel cold, e? tft ink (3£)nen, tljm, tl)r, etc.) 
warm I (you, etc. ) feel warm, mtnbtg windy, feff fyalten to 
hold fast, nmllappen to turn inside out, nod) still, 
oevtietben to disperse, and) also, oft often, felten seldom, nte 
never, tmnter always, gutoetlen sometimes, fd)etnen to shine. 

Remark 39 : Prepositions are frequently con 
tracted with the article; as oom=oon bent, am=an bent, 
im=tn bent, ,$ur =311 ber; betm=bet bem. 

U&ung. 93et fd)ted)tem 2Better in bad weather, oom 
§tmme( from the sky, ber (Sdjmu§ the dirt, fd)it§en tor 



34 

(with dative) to protect against, braugen out of doors, 
fyet^en to heat, bte $citte the cold, Me SBcirme the warmth, 
(in the same way nouns are formed from other 
adjectives, i. e. bte Scittge, bte @roge, bie ©djtoere, etc.), t)oibei ? 
gefyen to go past, bev ©cfyatten the shade. 



$>te SBergangcnljeit (f^rgang'n-hiet) The Past. 

Remark 40 : The past is formed as in English by 
the auxiliary have and the past participle, but not 
only the Eng] ish ' ' perfect " is translated by the German 
"perfect" but often also the English '• imperfect," 
thus : 3d) fycibe eg getfjan means not only I have done it or 
I have been doing it but also I did it or I was doing it. 

The past participles of simple verbs (except those 
ending in tvett) have the prefix ge (as : Infinitive tragen, 
past participle getragen), those having already an un- 
accented prefix do not take the ge (as : Infinitive erijalteit 
ww'w ? past participle unchanged), those having an 
accented prefix take the ge between prefix and root (as : 
a^fcmgelt^ , ^-' ^, cmgefartgen ^'^ ^'^). 

The participles of some verbs end in t (called the 
weak, new, or t-conjugation), of others in it (called the 
strong, old, or n-conjugation). These conjugations 
correspond in a great measure with the English regular 
or irregular conjugations, thus : danced, learned, lived 
are getcm^t, geternt, gelebt, but seen, spoken, written are 
gefefyeu, gefyrodjen, gefdjrteben. In tt-participles the radical 
vowel is often changed (as in English : sing, sung, 
break, broken), in becoming un, as : trtnfett, getnmfett, butbett 
(bin'dn, to tie) gebtmbett; et (pronounce like ie in "die '') 
in a short syllable becoming t (pronounce as i in 
"sister"), in a long one ie (pronounce as ee in "meet") 



35 

fdjneiben, gefdjnitten, fdjreiben, gefdjrieben ; e if followed by two 
consonants (except ff) becomes o, if followed by one 
consonant or ff it remains : bredjen gebrodjen, toerfen getnorfen, 
tefen gelefen, mcffen (to measure) gemeffett, Ijetfen (to help) 
geljolfen ; sometimes t becomes e and ie becomes o : ftfcett 
gefeffen, bitten gebeten, fd)ieben gefd)oben, fuieren gefroren, fdjliefeen 
gef djloff en, rtedjen gerod)en. 

Remember that the participles of ftefyen, tiegen, siefyen, 
nefynten, effen, bringen are : geftctnben, gelegen, ge^ogen, genomtnen, 
gegeffeu, gebradjt (see the list of participles in the foot note 
of page 67 of the method). 

Remark 41 : 2Botten, fonnen, tniiffert which literally 
mean will, can, must have in English no past participle 
nor infinitive (you cannot say : I have would, 1 have 
could, I hope to can, etc., you substitute in such case a 
synonymous expression, as : I have desired, I have 
been able, I hope to be able, etc. ) but they have these 
forms in German : 3d) ^cfot gefonnt "I have been able" 
or "I could'" (Si* l)at getoottt "he has desired" or "he 
wanted." 2Bir Ijaben gentufct "we were obliged to." 

Remark 42 : When the participles of these verbs 
(lonnen, toollen, mitffen) and a few others, especially the 
verb laffen (to let or to leave), are accompanied by an 
infinitive, the infinitive of these verbs is used instead 
of the participle in forming the past, thus : 

No infinitive : Accompanied by an infinitive : 

3d) Ijabe bag 23ud) getoottt. 3dj Ijabe tefen luotten. 

I wanted the book. I wanted to read. 

§ctben ©tc ba$ gefonnt? 9?ein, id) Ijabe nidjt fefjen fbnnen. 

Were you capable (of) it ? No, I was not able to see. 



36 

Pages 66, 67, 68 : fret free ; treten ©tc em step in, 
enter ; bag ^acfef the package ; bet nnS gelaffen fyaben have 
left at our house ; bvaugen out of doors ; ab'getegt taken 
off ; and) besides ; fdjon already ; ebett just ; gar nidjt not at 
all ; bte £txt the time ; nod) nidjt gang not quite ; bnrd)'(efen 
to read over ; nttt nad) §aufe genommen taken home with 
(him) — the object after mtt is often elided — ; fern Reiner 
3nnge his little boy (son) ; bte ^tbiuefenfyeit the absence ; 
ab'batten to keep from ; atfo, gitten Sttorgeit well then, good 
morning ; $bieu good bye. 

Remark 43 : S3et ntir, bet 3f)tten, bet tljm, bet bent §errtt, bet 
ber $ran mean : at my house, at your house, at his 
house, etc. 

SBergattgenljett. 

gortfefeung (fort'-zets-oong) continuation 

Remark 44: The past of "to be" (been geiuefen 
govaiz'n) is not formed with the auxiliary "to have" 
but "to be," I have been, we (you, they) have been, 
he has been, is therefore : 3d) bin geiuefen, lutr (<Ste, fie) finb 
geiuefen, er tft geiuefen (literally : I am been, you are been, 
he is been, etc. 

In the same manner is formed the past of b(eiben= 
to remain and of such intransitive verbs as denote a 
change of place, as : gefyen, fomnten, fafjren to ride in a 
vehicle, reiten to ride on horseback, retfen to travel, 
abreifen to start on a journey, cmfommen to arrive, fteigen 
to step up or down, cintreten to step into, to enter, 
anS'treten to step out, fallen to fall, cmfffefjen to rise, etc 
The past participles are : gegangen, gefomnten, gefafyren, 
gerttten, geretft, abgereift, angefomnten, geftiegen, eingetreten, auSge* 
treten, gefaflen, aufgeftanben. The prefixes an, ab, anf, am ein 



37 

have the heavy accent, thus the infinitives are — ' — ^ 
the participles — '^ — ^-. 

Remark 45 : Verbs denoting a change of condition 
(in English often expressed with get) form their past 
also with to be, as : gerbredjen to get broken, gerreifteu to 
get torn, erfatten to get cold, toeuben to become. 2)er ©tuljl 
ift geibrodjen the chair has gotten broken, Me ©uppe ift 
erfaltet the soup has gotten cold, bag ^Better ift fd)bn geruorben 
the weather has become fine. 

Page 69 : fid) Oerabfd)ieben (fer-ap'-sheedn) to take 
leave; fogletd) (zoh-gliejh') immediately, at once; ber 
23alml)of the station, depot ; fie ftnb bie ^vep^e fyeraufgefommen 
they have come upstairs ; £>at er ftdj ettten ten gebrod)en ? 
has he broken his arm ? ; I)at crft gu lueinen angefangen only 
began to cry. 

Remark 46 : For parts of the body the reflexive mir, 
fid) is generally used instead of the possessive my, 
your, etc., as : idj t)abe midj in ben Singer gefdjnitten I have 
cut my finger. 

Page 70 : nun ja very well ; bemn then ; fdjftmm bad ; 
geftern 2Ibenb last night ; im Sweater in the theatre ; erft gegen 
ad)t only towards eight ; $urg nad) bem (gffen shortly after 
dinner ; id) mug jefct fort I must (go) away now ; 3d) roitf gu 
$ar( I will (go) to Charles. 

Remark 47 : After mitffeu, rootten, the verbs go, come, 
are elided, after fonnen atfo the verb speak -©often ©te in bag 
Sweater ? do you want to go to the theatre ? 3d) fann 
3)eutfd) I can speak German. 

tUmng : (Sffe ein 23rotdjen (brcet'-jh'n) bagu eat a roll 
with it; cmf nteine ©tube (shtoobo) to my room; ber gef)Ier the 
mistake ; er gel)t fort he goes away ; ben 9todj'mtttag iiber 
through the afternoon ; im greien out of doors ; fie treten 



38 

aber rndjt ein but they do not enter ; ba$ 33i6ttotfjef$hnmer 
(beeb-lee-oh-taik'-tsimr) the library ; 33eg(ettet man does 
one accompany ? 

$te S^unft (tsookoonft— ' — ) The Future 

Remark 48 : The future in German is not formed 
by shall, will or to be going to, but by n)erben=to become. 
Example : 3d) luerbe morgen fommen (ijh vairdo) I shall 
come to-morrow. SGSerben ©te ing Sweater gefyen (vaird'n zee) 
will you go to the theatre ? (gr totrb bag 23nd) neljmen (air 
veert) he will take the book. 2Bir roerben urn ein Uljr effen 
(veer vaird'n) we shall eat at one o'clock, ©ie fterben 
ncidrfte 2Bod)e ben 23rief erfjalten you will receive the letter 
next week. SBerbcn bie $inber in bie ©d)it(e gefjen ? will the 
children go to school ? 

Remark 49 : Notice that the infinitive stands at 
the end of the sentence. 

Remark 50 : The future of fonnen, ttoflen, miiffen is 
formed in the regular way, though lacking in English: 
3d) roerbe lonnen I shall be able, ©ie mcrbcn ing Sweater gefyen 
miiffen you will be obliged to go to the theatre, er tuub 
bleiben molten he will desire to remain. 

Remark 51 : When the English shall denotes 
obligation and ivill denotes desire, they are rendered 
in German by follen and roollen : You shall do it ©ie fallen 
eg tfjutt, I will (intend to) do it id) nrilt eg tljun. 

Page 71 : iibuig bleibt remains to spare; mit'fommen come 
along; bie $inbet (sing, bag $inb) the children ; taglid) daily ; 
nnr tooflen fie nidjt ab'^atten we will not keep them from it ; 
@ef)en fie gem? Do they like to go? (Do they go willing- 
ly ?) (gnbe nad)fter 2Bod)e at the end of next week ; folgenben 
following, next ; tor ber 5lbreife before your departure ; 
id) lverbe bleiben fonnen I shall be able to remain. 



39 

$te Xitxt. Animals. 

£)ag £ier the animal, bag 2Befen the being, belebt ani- 
mate, unbelebt inanimate, gu benen to whom, gefyoren belong 
to, mn gu leben in order to live (for living), atmen to 
breathe, Me guft the air, bie ^afyrung the nourishment, 
fterben to die, lebenb living, ber ©inn the sense, bag (Seftdjt 
the sight, bag ©e^iSr the hearing, ber ®erud) the smell, ber 
©efdjmacf the taste, bag ©efitljl the feeling, bag Sertyug 
(instrument) organ, biejenigen b^ ®eljorg those of hearing, 
ber ©ifc the seat. 

Page 73 : ber ©awnen palate, oerbreiten spread, roafjr'- 
neljtnen to notice, to perceive (with any of the 5 senses), 
bie ©eftatt the shape, bie 2lugbef)nnng extension (dimension), 
bie £age position, ber ©egenftdnbe (genit. plur.) of the 
objects, ber £)rt the place. 

Remark 52 : ©id) befinben to be (used only of place, 
or health, as ; ($r befinbet ftdj t)ter he is here ; idj befinbe mid) 
mobyl I am well ; nrir befinben nng nidjt roof)t we are not well ; 
trie befinben ©ie fid) how are you ?) 

SBerneljnten to perceive (with the ears), ber £aut the 
sound, enrpfmben to feel, bag (gt8 the ice, ber ©dnnerg the 
pain, benterlen to observe, to notice, meid) soft, Ijart hard, 
bie to the kind, ljanptfcid)(id) principal, bie SSterfiifjler the 
quadrupeds, ber SBogel the bird, ber gifd) the fish, bag SRepttl 
the reptile, bag top^ibium amphibious animal, bag 3nfeft 
insect, fefteg £anb terra firma (mainland), taufen to run, 
tyringen to jump, folgenb following, bag $ferb the horse, ber 
Odjg the ox, bie $ufj the cow, ber (Sfet the donkey, bag ©djaf 
the sheep, ber £unt> the dog, bie $a£e the cat, bag §augtier 
domestic animal, ber £otoe the lion, ber £iger the tiger, 
ber 23arthe bear, bie £>t)ane the hyena, ber 2Botf the wolf, ber 
gudjg the fox, nritb wild, anger (with Dative) besides, ber 



40 

glitgei the wing, fttegen to fly, ftatt (with Genitive) instead, 
ber (2d)nabe( the bill (beak), bte Jcber the feather, ba3 §uljn 
the chicken, bte Gnte the duck, bie @an3 the goose, ber ^fau 
the peacock, ber SIMer the eagle, ber (Straug the ostrich, 
bte Cnrfe the owl, bte ©djttmlbe the swallow, ber (Sperling the 
sparrow, obett above, befdjrteben described, ba§ 33(:tt the 
blood, ba$ §erg the heart, gtrfwttcren to circulate, bie gunge 
the lung, ber 9ttagen the stomach, r»erbauen to digest, txant 
sick. 

Page 74 : bie gloffc the fin, fdjnrimmen to swim, btc 
Scfntppe the scale, betannt known, bte (Sdjfattge the snake, 
frtecfjen to creep, ber (grbboben the ground (earth), ber ffvofd) 
the frog, bie Q3tene the bee, ber §omg the honey, bte 
Setbenraupe the silk worm, niifcltdj useful, bte ^liege the fly, 
SKiufe the mosquito, fdjciblidj destructive. 

Ubung : 25a3 gefd£)tet)t what happens, gebetfjcn prosper, 
b.fmmteften most known, jteljt au3 looks like, gaf)m tame. 
(Sefunbfjeit health, gefunb healthy, (id) fort'beroegen move 
about. 

©efjoren to belong is followed by the dative without 
preposition to denote possession, as : ba§ £>au3 gefjort bent 
9ftatm, baS Pferb ger)ovt tntr, but the preposition git is used 
when belong denotes classification, as : ba§ $ferb geljbrt 
gu bet §au3tteren. 

$er 9Kenjd) (Man, Human Being.) 

©djarf acute (sharp), bag ©eljtrrt brain, entroufetn to 
develop, bcit!ett an (accus.) to think of (past, gebadjt), 
btlben form, ber ©etft the mind (spirit), ber ($ebanfe thought, 
aitSbriifen to express, abroefenb absent, jemanb somebody, 
SScrftanb intelligence, beantagt talented, bte 5ln(age talent, 
(ernen (lairnan) to learn, grammatilaftfd) grarmnatical, miff en 



4i 

to know, (3d) roetJ3 [vies], er toetg, tutr nriffen) fte ftefjen 
eingetragen they have been entered, befyatten to retain, eg gtebt 
3)inge there are things, entge^:t escape nnebeu (veedr) again, 
bevgeffen forget, bag ©efdjtedjt the gender, einige some (eimgcr- 
of some), S3etm 9fteufd)en with mankind, bag ®efiif)l feeling, 
bie (Smpfmbung sensation, bie SBenumbentng admiration, ba$ 
©rfjBue beauty, bev Stnbernritle repugnance, bag gfifjltdje ugli- 
ness, etnen SBnnfd) Jjegen to have a desire, fceftfcen to possess, 
gerne mogen to like, Ijoffen to hope, in (Srfiittung gefyen to be 
fulfilled, hjunfcfjen to wish, nadjft next, getciuftg fluently, 
bet bem (Sebcmfen at the thought, gefdjefyen happen, bie gfovdjt 
the fear, fuudjten to fear, bie 2utfgabe exercise, task, tabefa 
censure, scold, erfaljreit experience, bie grenbe joy, bag 
33ebauern regret, ber gortfd)ritt progress, ber getter fault, 
mistake, fid) freuert iiber to rejoice at, berfciumen to miss, eg 
ifjitt mtv leib I am sorry. 

itintttg page 11 : iiberlegen fern to be superior, gebad)t 
thought, ob if, whether, getoufjt known, betrad)ten to look 
at, contemplate, retd) rich, id) erftitte mid) I catch cold, ((Ete 
evfolten fid)). 

$ie (^tttfabung (ien'lah-doong) Invitation. 

3d) labe em I invite, bag $evgnugen pleasure, befucfyen to 
visit, ba as, bie §auptftabt capital (city), bag £anb country, 
Devlaffeit to leave, fdjott all right, abveifert set out, depart, 
menu eg 3fynen redjt ift if it suits you, -3d) bin eg ^ufrtcben I am 
satisfied (willing). 

Remark 53 : to is translated by nad) in speaking of 
countries or cities, 

SReifeu to go (travel), ba^ 2)atnpffd)tff steamer, bie (Slbe 
(jtnanf up the Elbe, fad)ftfd)e ©djtoeig Saxon Switzerland, 



42 

Dcfterreid) Austria, faljren to go, to proceed, bis as far as, 
bte (Sifertbctfjn railway, Me gafjrt trip (ride), batterrt to last, 
ijaib half, bte 9fatfe journey, voyage, ber 23erg mountain, 
bte ^ll^en the Alps, ab'bredjen break off, shorten, ber ga^rptan 
time-table, ttadffefyen look up, ber ,3ug train, t>ergetdjnet 
marked, scheduled, ber ©tgug express train, giinfttg favor- 
able, ttodj still, an'fefyett to visit, inspect, ab'fjotett to call f or, 
padett pack, fyettte nod) to-day yet, ferttg ready, beforgen to 
arrange, to settle, auf morgen until to-morrow, auf SBteber^ 
fef)ert au revoir. 

Ubung, page 79: ftdf) treffen to meet, nad)bem after, 
(abet em invites, nod) mentals never yet ; fie trenncn fid) they 
separate. 

Remark 54 : The conjunction tnbem and the verb 
are translated with by and the present participle, as : 
tttbem id) effe by eating, tttbem fie ttad) 8erlm farjrert by travel- 
ling to Berlin, nad)fet)en to look up. 

fibevfdniebctt entitled, molten to reside, 2)urd)retfe passing 
through, ba$ $otf (pi. bid Golfer) the people, nation, 
betootmen inhabit, 8mad)e language, fie $teljeit Dor they pre" 
fer, fie fe£en fort they continue, bte Unterfjaltmtg conversa 
tion. 

$>te 5lbrcifc (ap'rie-zo) Departure. 

Sa indeed, getttg early, erft only, marten (auf) wait (for), 
frufyftuden breakfast, fdjon already, oor ettter ijatbe (Stunbc half 
an hour ago. 

Remark 55 : Translate the adverb ago by the prepos- 
ition oor, as : a month ago Oor eittem SQfamat ; two weeks 
ago t»or ^toet 2Bod)en. 



43 

<5d)lafen to sleep, auffteljen to rise, ber goffer trunk, ber 
SBaljnfjof railway station, fort gone, ber gall case, ber 2Bagen 
carriage, Ijoten to fetch, Ijoten laffen to send for, banlbav 
grateful, bte <&a<$)t the object, unterbringen to find a place 
for, ber §augbtener hotel porter, bog ©epacf baggage, ber 
$leiberfd)ranf ward-robe, fudjen (nacr/feljen) to seek (look for), 
ftnben to find, toeg fafjren drive off, befommen to receive, to 
get, ber $utfdjev coachman, bte gafyrt the drive, ber £arif 
tariff, jeber every, bag ©tiitf piece, alfo therefore, be^afjten to 
pay, befallen keep, bag grhtfgelb gratuity (fee), bag (&tpad 
abgeben (or aufgebett laffen) to cause to be delivered (i. e. to 
have the baggage checked), bte gafyrfarte tofen to buy the 
ticket, ber ©d)atter ticket-window, ber SBeamte ticket-agent, 
(SBeamtcr is any government employe — the railways in 
Germany belong to the government) . hnegen to weigh. 
imgeftifyr about, bag iibergett)id)t over-weight, excess- 
luggage, ber @epacffdjerrt baggage-check, ber SBartefaal 
waiting-room, ein'fteigen get aboard. 

tHning, page 82 : begiuegen therefore, ebett just, bet at, 
bte SBor'beiettmtg the preparation, fertig ready, unterbeffen 
meanwhile, ettbtidj finally, begebert fid) betake themselves 
(i. e. they go), fobalb as soon as. 

Page 83 : befdjafttgt occupied, ntelben to announce, 
fofort immediately, gule£t at last, gu gnft gefyen to walk. 

Remark 55 : The English to get something done, 
to have something done by somebody else, is rendered 
in German by laffen and the infinitive, as : I have the 
porter carry the baggage id) laffe ben ^angbiener bag ©epacf 
ttagen ; id) taffe mtr einen $tod madjen I am getting a coat 
made for me ; id) laffe bag ®epad abgeben I am having the 
baggage checked. 



44 
$ic $lnfwtfi. Arrival. 

©id} naljeiit to approach, ber £urm tower, bie f)xetfebecfe 
rug, bie ^cutbtctfdje bag, in Drbnnng brtngen to put in order, 
bie £)rofd)fe cab, beforgen to procure, fid) nntfetjen nad) to look 
around for, fatten to stop, ang'fteigen alight, ber ©epfitftragev 
railroad porter, rufen to call, nadffefjen to look (to find out), 
bie ^arjrtare tariff, berragen amount to, itotig necessary, fonffc 
otherwise, fovberu to demand, bie (Stage floor (story), wit 
modjten we should like, barf id) may I, fjumufftetgen to 
ascend, in Slugettfdjem nefymen to inspect, gefallen to please, 
to suit, fitfjren to lead, ber §of court-yard, fret free, nad) bom 
toward the front, gelegen tft is situated, giemltdj gnt pretty 
well, f'often to cost, fyeranftragen to carry up, ber ©petfefaal 
dining room, brancrjen nur need only, bie STreppe stairs, 
fyinab'fteigen descend, ber Oberf'e liner head waiter, ein'treten 
step in, bie ©petfefarte bill of fare, ba& ©piegelei poached 
egg, ber gitrjrer the guide, 23efel)ien to order, etroa§ some, 
bod) yes indeed, $elTner, gafjlen ! waiter, we wish to pay ; 
toaS tnad)t nnfer 2l6enbbrot how much is our supper ? ; gegabft 
paid, beforgt settled, beftcrjiigen inspect, ba since, femten to 
be acquainted, giUrrer guide, geroi§ certain. 

Ubimg : fcertteiuenb negatively, 9titdftl3 backseat, tier* 
(angen ask for, fjiuait^fter/ looks out to, erretdjett to reach 
menben an turn to (accost), efye before, mieten to hire, in 
33e$ug anf with regard to, eine SDcaljtgett etn'neljmen to take 
a meal, toa3 eg gn effen giebt what there is to eat, gefpeift 
eaten, $rembe strangers. 

(bin 8jja$icrgang (Promenade) burcf) ^Berlin. 

^3radr)ttg splendid, fold) such, giergarten name of a park 
in Berlin, bie Sftenfdjenmenge crowd, bie Equipage carriage. 



45 

ber better rider, baS £ljor gate, Ijtnbitrcrj through it, ber yftafy 
square, ba$ ©cfjaufettfter shop window, bte 9ut3tage display, 
bie §utform hat shape, (Matttertetoaarett=©e|djaft fancy-goods 
business, ber 9fagenfd)irm the umbrella, bcrgolbet gilded, ber 
©riff handle, bor^iefyett prefer, elfettbetnent ivory, bte Sftobtftttt 
milliner, fteljen bleibett stop, tteu'an'gefommeu newly arrived, 
benmttbent admire, etnett 9Iugettbtid a moment, baS gurnet 
(yoo-vaiF) jewel, bie 23rofd)e brooch, bemertett notice, ber 
$anbfd)it^(abeu glove-store, begfettett accompany, brattcrjett 
need, nett new, ber (£ommi3 (komee) salesman, btetten 
serve, ber @tace^attbfd)tilj (glassay') kid glove, farbige 
colored ones, teuer expensive, btHig cheap, bte ©orte kind, 
eut'toicfefa wrap up, bte ®affe the cashier's window, 
bcmfe berbiubftdjft much obliged, ber ©attg passage, fitfyrett to 
lead, mcutcfje many a one, betebte ©trage lively, (bustling) 
street, bevfefyrretdjfte ©trage most frequented street, 
bte Sfteftbett^ city wherein the King resides, bog ©ebattbe 
building, bie $ereittigtett ©taatett (fer-ien'igtn shtahtn) the 
United States, biiiben on the other side, ber @aftfyof hotel. 

tUumg, page 89 : 2Bte brtttgett fie ben 9?ad)tttittag 311 how 
do they spend the afternoon, ber £abett the store, cms- 
gefteflt exhibited, ©djmucffacfjeit jewelry, ber ^ufianb condi- 
tion, state, cm'rebett to address, to accost, betveteit to enter, 
fdjttefcttdj finally. 



Sjmjeirpng (continued). 

35>teber again, ba§ Sautter! building, structure, bte (§(fe 
corner, bte $ird)e church, ronigtid) royal, ba$ ©djaufytetljauS 
play house, banebett next to it, bte Ouerftvage cross 
street, griebrtd) ber @rofje Frederick the Great, ber ©tit 
style, batten to build, bag DperttfjattS opera house, rttta,3tmt 



46 

round-about, bte ^Ingafjt number, bte ©efyettgsttMrbtgfett object 
of interest, ber ^ataft palace, fd)rcig diagonal, gegettitber 
opposite, bte Untt>erfitdt' university, bte 2£ad)e guard-house, 
ba$ &u$au% arsenal, ber $ronprmg crown prince, ba$ ©tanb* 
bttb monument, bte $otoffaf jktue colossal statue, guriicf 
back, bte SBriicfe bridge, itbeufdjretten go across, ba% ©rf)lo§ 
palace, toertbett turn, getangen arrive, ber £uftg eaten pleasure- 
garden, ba$ 93ron3e=<Stcmbbt(b bronze statue, bte 2lmct3otte 
amazon, ber £otoen=fanrpfei* lion fighter, ber £)nrft thirst, ber 
§nnger hunger, bte Serraffe terrace, ^laij nefymen to take a 
seat, ba3 3nnere inside, interior, ba$ gofat place, Ijeijj hot, 
bag ^(etngelb the change, t)tet(etcf)t perhaps, bte 23anfnote (ber 
©djein) bill, toerfjfetn to change, gerutg certainly, mitbe tired, 
eben just, tooriiber past, bte 33ovfe bourse, ber©autengang colon- 
nade, bte ©atnmtung collection, ba$ ®etna(be picture, ber 
®imftiet' artist, tft afjnltdj resembles, ba3 $afta\ten tnalbd^en 
chestnut grove, bte §auptatmcrje principal guard house, ber 
©olbaf soldier, ber 2Beg way, bte ©ante column, bte (Sieged 
fante the column of victory, bte ©tabtbaljn city railway, 
borberfte first, ber £tntergrunb background, bte <5t)auffee 
(shossay') driveway, ber ^arftetd) park pond, bte 3nfet 
isle, bte elegante $Be(t high society, gooiogifd) (tso-olog'ish) 
zoological, um over, ©ie fjaben redjt you are right. 



APPENDIX. 



masc. 



Declension. 
Singular. 
fern. 



neut. 



i ^ er 9 ro 6 c ~W &« 9 l0 £ c 2$ite j ba£ grofce 53ud) 
nom ' ( em gvofecr £ifdj 1 em grofeel 23ud) 

gen. beg giogen £ifcf)e§ bei jrogcn ^ure be§ groftcn 2md)C§ 
dat. htm grofeen £tfd)(e) hex gvofecn £f)iire bent grogen 53ud)(e) 
ace. ben grofeen Sifd, biegroge^ure {g^ggg 



Plural 

nom. bic grofecn £ifdje, £f)iivett, 23ud)tr. 

gen. bet grogen £ifdje, Sfytrett, 23iid)er. 

dat. ben grogen Sifdjen, S^ureit, Sudjern. 

ace. bic grog en £ifdje, £ljtiren, 23itd)cr. 



The 3 gen- 
ders of articles 
and adjectives 
are alike in the 
plural. 



Remarks on the declension of Adjectives : The 
pronominal adjectives (biefev, jener, tneldjer, jeber, after) are 
declined like the definite article. If an attributive 
adjective is not preceded by an article or pronominal 
adj. it takes itself the article ending, as : guter 2Bem, 
guteS Staffer. Sin, fern and the possessive pronouns (ntetit, 
3fyv, etc.) have also the same ending as the definite 
article, except in the nom. masc. and nom. ace. neut. 7 



48 

when they (and the succeeding adj.) have the forms 
specially mentioned above with ein. If no noun or adj. 
follows em, fein, mem, 3f)r, etc., they take the article 
ending even in these excepted cases, as : 2Bo ift mem 

§ut ? Reiner ift (jier. §aben ©te ein 33ud) ? 3d) fyabe ciuS, 

Remarks on the declension of Nouns; singular: 
The e in the genitive ending e3 and in the dative is 
elided whenever euphony requires it. Most of the 
masculine nouns in e and a few other masculines take 
an n in all the oblique cases, as : Nom. beu $nabe (the 
b°v)> gen. beg Shtaben, dat. bent $naben, ace. ben $naben. 

Plural : the masc. just mentioned have their plural 
in n (bie $naben), other masculines take an c (bie £ifd)e, £)iite, 
etc.), a few take cr (bie banner). Masc. and neut- end- 
ing in el, cr, en in the singular do not take any plural 
ending as also the neuters in c, djen, (ein (sing, bev 
£ciffe(, ber £e()rer, ba3 $enfter, bag ©ebaube, ba$ grautem — plur. 
bie £i)ffe(, bie £et)rer, bie gtnfter, etc. ) Of other neuters some 
take er some e ; feminines take mostly n but some 
monosyllables take e. 

Many masculines and neuters take the Umlaut in the 
plural. 

Irregular plurals : 2lugen eyes, £)ljren ears, (gnben 
ends, 2Kittter mothers, £6d)ter daughters. 



Use of the Cases. 

The subject of all verbs and the predicate after few 
(to be) and roerben (to become) is in the nominative : ber 

SJftann tjefyt 3d) bin ber #el)rer, (Sr roirb ein $aufmann (merchant). 



49 

The English possessive and often the preposition 
of are rendered by the genitive : the man's hat ber §ut 
beg 9ftanneg ; the cover of the table bte £)cde beg £tfd)eg ; the 
lock of the door ba$ ©djtog ber (fern.) goitre. 

The dative is the indirect object of the verb, often 
expressed in English by to or for : 3d) gebe bem SDtan em 
33ud) (to the man). (§r ntcidjt bem $nabeu etnen SKotf (he 
makes a coat for the boy). W<x8 fcigen <2>te ber 3)ame (tothe 
lady). 

It stands often with an adjective : bag tft tftm ange* 
neljm (that is agreeable to him), eg tft 3()nen gefimb (it is 
healthy for you), eg tft mir warm (it is warm for me=I 
feel warm). 

It also denotes the person in whose interest or 
against whom something is done : (gffen ©te mir bag (eat 
that for my sake). 9?e()mett ©te bent $naben bte Uljr (take the 
watch away from the boy). 

The accusative is the direct object : 3d) fet)e tint. (£r 
fdjfagt ben £mnb (he strikes the dog). 

It often is used as an adver, ial expression of place 
or time : ©eljen ©te btefen 2Beg ! $ommen ©te jeben £ag ? 9?erc 
3)orf, ben 4ten 3ult. 

Remember that the dative must be used with : 
begegnen (to meet), befefyten (to command), geljordjen (to 
obey), antmorten (to answer), banleit (to thank), gef often (to 
please), ljelfen (to help), nit^en (to be useful), fd)aben (to 
harm) ; the accusative with bitten (to ask=request), 
fragen (to ask=question), 



50 

Prepositions* 

With the genitive : roegen,t tofiljrenb. With the dative: 
mtt, nad), bet, feit, t)on, ^n, gegenitber.! With the accusative: 
bnrd), fitr, oljne, urn, gegen. With the accusative to express 
direction toward a place, with the dative to express 
occupation of a place : an, anf, itber, unter, in, neben, fitter, 
Oor, gmifdjen. 

Genitive. 

Translation of prepositions : SBegen be§ 9fagen§ on 
account of the rain, meg en ber $a(te on account of the 
cold, nteinetraegen on account of me, for my sake, (SfyxtU 
raegen, femettoegen, ttnferetroegen, on account of you, him, us, 
or: for your, his, our sake); rofiljrettb beg ©ommerS during 
summer, roafyrenb eincr 2Bodje during one week. 

Dative^ 
9Ktt mir with me ; nad) Q^mn after you ; bet gtttem ^Better 
in good weather, bet Stage during day, bet bent §errn at the 
gentleman's house ; feit oorigem 3aljr since last year, feit 
gtoci £agen since two days (for two days past) ; oon ifmt, 
t^r, mir from him, her, me ; 3 it bent $aufmatm to the mer- 
chant ; bem SHjater gegenitber opposite the theatre, gegenitber ber 
$irdje opposite the church. 

Accusative. 

£)urd) bte $oft through the post (mail), bnrdj ben ^tegen 
through the rain ; fur mid) for me, olme ©ie without you ; 
nm bag £>au3 around the house, unt ben Garten around the 
garden • gegen ifyn, fie, mid) against him, her, me. 

(For an, anf, itber, etc., see the tenth lesson.) 

*To avoid overburdening the student's memory we have omitted 
such prepositions as he does not need until farther advanced. 
Those marked f may also stand after the noun. 



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